• foetus D+, mother -

    • mother form anti-d antibodies

    • may affect susbequent rhesus D+ foetus

  • Anti D can form;

    • amniocentesis

    • Chorionic villus sampling

    • external cephalic version

    • bleeding

    • major abdominal trauma

    • late miscarriage

  • can be avoided if commercial anti-d second/thrid trimester and post natally