• common

• stretching = treatment

• no evdience for magnesium

or “anti-cramp” formulations

limited evidecne of nortrip, diltiazem, orphenadrine, verapamil or gaba may be used

Quinine

effective

• concernes re safety: fatal thrombocytopenia

  • idiosyncratic hypersensitivity

  • can occur at any time

• HUS

• DIC

• acute kidney injury

• toxic at high doses