Unpasteurised milk

• can be comntaminated with bacteria

  • e.coli,

  • campylobacer jejuni

  • Listeria

  • Mycobacterium bovis

  • Salmonella

  • Shiglla

  • Yersinia

• pasteurisation:

  • highly reliable method for eliminating pathogens

  • minimal effect on fat and protein composition

  • doens’t affect mineral content, stability, gastric abdsoprtion

  • Riboflavin, v6, b12 heat stable

  • reduces vit c by 10%

  • some enzymes inactivated byt not tthought to be important for human health

Listeria

• unpasteruised milk, milk products (cheese), processed meat products, cold pre-cooked meats

• survivie and mulitply @ standard refigeration temp

• chacterised by:

  • diarrhoea

  • nausea

  • vomiting

  • fever

  • myalgia

  • atigue

• resolve 2-3d

• spesis/meningoencephalitis more likely to occur in vulnerable groups

  • pregnancy

  • young infants

  • elderly

• risks to pregnancy

  • miscarriage

  • premature labour

  • still birth

• 1-70d after exposure to contaminated food

  • median incubation = 3w

• blood culture

• nbotifiable

• Management

  • amox 1g tds

  • cotrimoxazole

Trichinella

• parasitic round worm

• raw/undercooked pork

• cannot be transmitted human - huna

• destroyed by cooking until ≥60deg c for 1min or by freezing meat at -15 for at least 20day

• symptoms: headahce, fever, excessive sweating 3-4 days after

• further systemic features 8-15d: facial oedema, myalgisa, severe weakness

• consult ID

Tank water

• E.Coli

• crypto, giardia, campylo, salmonella, shigella

• faecal sample

  • culture

  • giardia/crypto antigen testing

Orf

• contagious ecthyma

• contagious pustular dermatitis

• scabby mouth

• virus - affects sheep and goats

• cattle similar

• Milker’s nodules

• 2-3cm tender, flat topped red-blue papule or pustule on dorsum on index finger

  • 1 week after contact with infected animal

• crust over and resolve within 2 months

• lyumphadenopathy may be present

  • red streaks

• may develop erythema multiforme